If this is the case, then the transition from elementary to middle school would be a particularly critical period for prevention and intervention efforts. In contrast, the number of self-reported bullies remained fairly stable across the years.Īccording to the NICHD survey, as well as many other studies, the typical trajectory of bullying is an increase and peak after elementary school, during the middle school years, followed by a decrease during the high school years. In fact, such studies indicate that there are approximately twice as many victims of bullying in the primary grades as in the secondary grades. In Olweus's Norwegian National Survey data, as well as many other studies, the percentage of students who reported being bullied at school decreased with increasing age and grade level. Some studies indicate that bullying is most prevalent during the elementary school years, while others show an increase and peak during early adolescence.

Across all three settings, bullying tends to happen most often in and around schools, specifically in those areas where there is little or no adult supervision (e.g., playground, hallways, cafeteria, classroom before the lesson begins).Īs for age differences, the bullying literature presents a rather inconsistent picture of the manner in which bullying rates change across the K-12 grade range. According to the NICHD survey, youth from urban, suburban, and rural areas were all equally likely to be bullied, while suburban youths were slightly less likely and rural youths were slightly more likely than the national average to bully others.

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